Oral cancer in the Asian region remains one of the most common forms of cancer. This is because in Asian regions the use of tobacco and betel nut chewing is very common. Oral cancer remains one of the most lethal cancer forms, mainly because it is diagnosed at very later stages. However, proper education and knowledge about this condition can help in timely diagnosis and treatment.
Oral cancer takes place in many areas of the mouth. However, the tongue remains the most common location for it. other areas where oral cancer can occur is on the lip borders, the floor of the mouth and cheek and in the gum areas. The most common presentation of the condition is the presence of a slow growing ulcer which can be irritating. Most of the times in the early stages may not be painful. The patient may not even notice the cnodition for a long time. It is later when the pain starts that he or she may refer to the dentist. In the case of men who are white and are exposed to the sun, the most common site where cancer can develop is the corner or the margin on the mouth. Mouth cancer also commonly develops in habitual pipe smokers and snuff dippers who like to keep the snuff in the fold of the cheek.
The most common indication of cancer is the presence of the ulcer for more than a month or so without the presence of any irritating factor. However, proper dental investigation is necessary to come to the final diagnosis. The most common method for diagnosis is the taking of a small section of the cancer area and sending it to the laboratory for histopathological diagnosis. The cells of the tumor are studied under the microscope and based on the findings the cancer is diagnosed.
If caught in the early stages, the removal is relatively simple with minimum loss of surrounding structures. Advanced cases can sometimes extend into the nerves of the tongue causing paralysis.
Surgical removal of the tissue and some part of the healthy tissue is often required to ensure that no cancer cells remain. The patient usually undergoes radio and chemotherapy as well to ensure no recurrence occurs. Oral cancers can be diagnosed early as well, if regular checkups are done with the dentist.