Diabetes commonly known as sugar ki bimari in Pakistan is one of the third major cause of death in the world. It is an inherited disease but different environmental factors also play there part. In diabetes there is increased in blood sugar level as the body can not maintain the levels of insulin in the body.
There are two well established types of diabetes and treatment is according to the type of the type of the disease. Type I diabetes commonly known as childhood onset diabetes. And the second is type II diabetes which is the adult onset disease. Another type commonly seen in Pakistan is the pregnancy induced diabetes. All types of diabetes are manageable due to artificially available insulin.
It is the type II diabetes which affects our Pakistani women. In this type body tissues become ill responsive to the insulin and so body can not maintain the blood sugar level at normal limits.
Obesity is one of the common causes of adult onset diabetes. Central obesity, in which fat is accumulated in the abdomen, is above in the list. Fats are highly resistant to insulin. Almost 55% of the diabetic population do have central sort of obesity. Age related diabetes is almost 20 % of the total diabetic patients. Elderly women are more prone to develop the disease.
Though diabetes is an inherited chronic disease but environmental factors also are very important. Regularly high intake of sugar or sugar containing food or high intake of carbohydrates can trigger the disease without any previous family history.
Early symptoms of type II diabetes are mild to moderate and can be unnoticed and the patient may be unaware of the disease. Early symptoms are frequent and increased urination, increased thirst and increased fluid intake, and increased appetite and constant fatigue. If not diagnosed and treated earlier it will leads to other problems, such as a heart attack or stroke, nerve and muscular problems like neuropathy, poor wound healing or a foot ulcer, certain eye problems like poor vision, certain fungal infections.
Diagnosis of diabetes through simple blood test of glucose or its concentration can be measured in urine. If fasting plasma glucose level is at or above 126 mg/dL, that is glucose test before breakfast. Or if the random glucose level in blood is at or above 200 mg/dL. That is after taking breakfast.
Increasing physical activity, controlling carbohydrate diet to maintain and reduce the weight is the first line of treatment for this adult onset diabetes. This can give good results in minor or early cases. Sometimes, with these measures a patient can achieve long term control.
When these measures do not give required results then the second line of treatment is the antidiabetetic drugs. However, dieting should be continued along with the treatment. This all will prevent the patient from long term side effects of diabetes.
In comparatively younger group of patients, oral medication fails at a certain stage of the disease. At this stage, insulin therapy is the only choice left. But diet control therapy should be continued in any conditions.
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